方向控制阀简称方向阀,主要用来通断油路或切换油流的方向,以满足对执行元件的启、停和运动方向的要求。按其用途可分为两大类:单向阀和换向阀。
(1)单向阀
单向阀又称止回阀,它的功用是使油液只能单向流过。根据阀芯结构不同,单向阀可分为球阀式和锥阀式两种。
(2)换向阀
电磁换向阀的基本工作原理是相同的,通过电磁铁控制滑阀阀芯的不同位置,以改变形油液的流动方向。当电磁铁断电时,滑阀由弹簧保持在中间位置或初始位置(脉冲式阀除外)。若推动故障检查按钮可使滑阀阀芯移动。
电磁方向控制阀
用以改变管道内气体或液体流向的控制元件叫方向控制阀。
方向控制阀
在实际应用中,可根据不同的需要将方向控制阀分成若干类别:
(1)按照气体在管道的流动方向,如果只允许气体向一个方向流动,这样的阀叫做单向型控制阀,比如单向阀,梭阀等;可以改变气体流向的控制阀叫做换向阀,比如常用的2way2port,2way3port,2way5port,3way5port等。
(2)按照控制方式可分为电磁阀,机械阀,气控阀,人控阀。其中电磁阀又可以分为单和双电控阀两种;机械阀可分为球头阀,滚轮阀等多种;气控阀也可分为单气控和双气控阀;人力阀 可以分为手动阀,脚踏阀两种。
(3)按工作原理可以分为直动阀和先导阀,直动阀就是靠人力或者电磁力,气动力直接实现换向要求的阀;先导阀是由先导头和阀主体2部分构成,有先导头活塞驱动阀主体里面的阀杆实现换向。
(4)根据换向阀杆的工作位置可以将阀分为2way,3way阀。
(5)根据阀上气孔的多少来进行划分,可以分为2port,3port,5port阀。
普通单向阀(逆止阀或止回阀)
功用:只允许油液正向流动,不许反流。
分类:直通式、直角式
结构:阀体、阀心锥形、钢球式 、弹簧等
工作原理:液流从进油口流入时,A →B
液流从出油口流入时,A → B
开启压力:0、04——0、1MPa
做背压阀:Pk=0.2——0.6 MPa 3
液控单向阀
功用:正向流通,反向受控流通
结构:普通单向阀+液控装置
K不通压力油,A → B
工作原理<
K通压力油,A → B
结构特点:B→ A, PB=P工,很高
弹簧腔背压很大,pk很大时才能顶开阀心,影响可靠性。
故 可采用如下措施
1) 采用先导阀预先卸压
2) 采用外泄口回油降低背压
应用: 液控单向阀具有良好的反密封性
常用于保压、锁紧和平衡回路
梭阀、双压阀和快速排气阀
1) 梭阀 ——相当于两个单向阀组合的阀
具有逻辑"或门"功能.在逻辑回路和程序控制回路中广泛运用,在手动---自动回路的转换上常用。
因梭阀在换向过程中存在路路通过程,因此当某一接口进气量或排气量非常小的时候,阀的前后不能产生使阀正常换向的压力差,使阀不能*换向而中途停止,造成阀的动作失灵。所以在使用时因注意,不要在某一接口处采用变径接头造成通路过小。
2)双压阀 与门功能
3) 快速排气阀
作用:是为了加快汽缸运动速度作快速排气的。
在给定条件下工作地汽缸杀毒很大程度上取决于控制阀的大小,如需要提高速度(尤其是需要提高单向速度时),可安装一个快速排气阀,而不必承担大型控制阀的费用。
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